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13. Advanced

PDO Extension

PDO is an acronym for PHP Data Objects. PHP can interact with most of the relational as well as NOSQL databases. The default PHP installation comes with vendor-specific database extensions already installed and enabled. In addition to such database drivers specific to a certain type of database, such as the mysqli extension for MySQL, PHP […]

FastCGI Process

PHP FastCGI Process Manager (PHP-FPM) is an efficient alternative to traditional CGI-based methods for handling PHP requests, particularly in high-traffic environments. PHP-FPM has a number of important features. These features are as follows − Reduced Memory Consumption With the help of a pool of worker processes to handle requests PHP-FPM significantly reduces memory overhead compared […]

CSRF

The acronym “CSRF” stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery. CSRF is an Internet exploit that involves a trusted website user issuing unauthorized commands. Providing adequate protection to a PHP web application against this attack can be achieved by taking the measures explained in this chapter. By default, the browser uses the “GET” request method to send […]

PEAR

PEAR is an acronym for PHP Extension and Application Repository. It is a repository of PHP packages or extensions. You can freely incorporate any of these extensions from PEAR in your code. The PEAR project was established by Stig S. Bakken in 1999. Most of the precompiled distributions of PHP such as XAMPP already have PEAR […]

Expectations

Expectations are a backwards compatible enhancement to the older assert() function. Expectation allows for zero-cost assertions in production code, and provides the ability to throw custom exceptions when the assertion fails. assert() is now a language construct, where the first parameter is an expression as compared to being a string or Boolean to be tested. Configuration Directives for […]

CSPRNG

The acronym CSPRNG stands for Cryptographically Secure Pseudorandom Number Generator. PHP function library includes many functions that generate random numbers. For example − Example The following code shows how you can use the function mt_rand() to generate random numbers − Open Compiler It will produce the following output − Note that the output may vary every time the code […]

IntlChar

In PHP7, a new IntlChar class has been introduced. It provides access to a number of utility methods that can be used to access information about Unicode characters. There are a number of static methods and constants in Intl class. They adhere closely to the names and behavior used by the underlying ICU (International Components […]

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